Framing Materials

The cost of a mountain bike frame is proportionate to

its material, as well as the treatment that material

has received. Currently, there are five types of

material used in mountain bikes - high tensile steel,

chromoly steel, aluminum, titanium, and carbon

fiber. Oversized diameters, heat treating, and butting are

tubing material treatments that will increase the

cost of a frame as well.

High tensile steel

This is a very durable alloy that's found in lower

priced mountain bikes. It offers a high carbon content

which makes it less stiff than chromoly steel, so

more materials are needed to make it stiff enough for

bicycle frames, which will in turn make it that much

heavier.

Relatively inexpensive to produce, you'll find this

material in trail bikes, city bikes, and even entry

level mountain bikes. There are some bikes that come

with a chromoly seat tube, while the rest is high

tensile steel.

Chromoly steel

Short for steel alloy, chromoly is best described by

its major additives - chromium and molybdenum. This

is probably the most refined framing material, giving

over 100 years of dependable service.

Depending on the type of heat treating and butting,

you can find this material in bikes as low as 400

dollars all the way up to 1,500 and beyond. The

chromoly steel material offers very good durability

and a compliant ride characteristic.

Aluminum

For the past 15 years, aluminum has been refined in

pretty much the same way as chromoly. There have

been various alloys developed, as well as heat

treatment, oversizing, and butting. With dual

suspension bikes, aluminum is the preferred material

as it's the stiffest and most cost effective.

Aluminum is stiffer than chromoly, and therefore it

will crack before chromoly. Of course, this depends

on how you ride and how much abuse you give the frame.

The advantages of aluminum is that the frame is very

light and very stiff through oversizing or butting.

Titanium

Even thought it's somewhat exotic, the prices for

this material have come down over the last few years.

Frames made of titanium remain expensive because it

takes longer to weld the tubes to the frame.

Titanium is considered an alloy, normally mixed with

small amounts of vanadium and aluminum to give it

better weldability and ride characteristics. More

compliant than chromoly, it offers better fatigue

and corrosion properties.

The material you choose for your bike, all depends

on where you ride and what style you use. Almost

all materials will last you for years, as long as

you take care of your bike and treat the frame with

How Mountain Bike Gears Work

The gears in mountain bikes just keep getting more

and more intricate. The bikes of today have as many

as 27 gear ratios. A mountain bike will use a

combination of three different sized sprockets in

front and nine in the back to produce gear ratios.

The idea behind all these gears is to allow the

rider to crank the pedals at a constant pace no

matter what kind of slope the bike is on. You can

understand this better by picturing a bike with

just a single gear. Each time you rotate the pedals

one turn, the rear wheel would rotate one turn

as well (1:1 gear ratio).

If the rear wheel is 26 inches in diameter, then

with 1:1 gearing, one full twist on the pedals

would result in the wheel covering 81.6 inches of

ground. If you are pedaling at a speed of 50 RPM,

this means that the bike can cover over 340 feet of

ground per minute. This is only 3.8 MPH, which

is the equivalence of walking speed. This is ideal

for climbing a steep hill, although bad for ground

or going downhill.

To go faster you'll need a different ratio. To

ride downhill at 25 MPH with a 50 RPM cadence at the

pedals, you'll need a 5.6:1 gear ratio. A bike

with a lot of gears will give you a large number

of increments between a 1:1 gear ratio and a 6.5:1

gear ratio so that you can always pedal at 50 RPM,

no matter how fast you are actually going.

On a normal 27 speed mountain bike, six of the gear

ratios are so close to each other that you can't

notice any difference between them.

With actual use, bike riders tend to choose a front

sprocket suitable for the slope they are riding on

and stick with it, although the front sprocket can

be difficult to shift under heavy load. It's much

easier to shit between the gears on the rear.

If you are cranking up a hill, it's best to choose

the smallest sprocket on the front then shift

between the nine gears available on the rear. The

more speeds you have on the back sprocket, the

bigger advantage you'll have.

All in all, gears are very important to mountain

bikes as they dictate your overall speed. Without

gears you wouldn't be able to build speed nor would

you be able to pound pedals. The gears will move

the pedals and help you build up speed.

There are all types of gears available in mountain

bikes, all of which will help you build up a lot

of momentum if you use them the right way.

How To Lube Your Mountain Bike

A mountain bike is a lot of fun although it does

require some maintenance. You should always lube

your bike 15 hours or so before riding, as quick

jobs right before you take off normally doesn't

get everything lubed. Some lube jobs will last

for more rides, although if things get loud or

shifting gets sticky, it's time to lube.

Here is how to lube your bike:

1. The chain

Apply a generous amount of mountain bike lube to

your chain as you move the pedals around backwards.

It also helps to find a spot to steady your hand

such as the frame while you move the pedals around

and around. Make sure you watch out for the cranks

and chain rings as they move around.

2. Front Deraileur

On the front defaileur, lube the pivots. Use a

spot of lube everywhere you can see movement when

you move the shift lever.

3. Rear deraileur

Just like the front deraileur, lube the pivots.

4. Pedals

There are some types of clipless pedals that will

need to have the release mechanism lubed. You

should only lube this mechanism if you have this

type of pedal.

5. Everything into motion

Pedal around, shift your gears, and bounce your

bike around. If you hear anything squeak, there's

a moving part there are it should be lubed

immediately.

6. Wipe it all clean

Once you've lubed everything and wiped it all

around, simply wipe it all back off. Use a rag

to wipe away all the lube you used, including all

the lube off the chain. Wiping it away will leave

the lube in between the parts but clean it away

from everywhere it isn't needed. This will keep

your bike from collecting dirt while you ride.

How To Use A Chain Tool

Once your mountain bike chain becomes damaged, you

should immediately replace it with a new one. It

is possible however, to repair a broken chain using

a chain tool. For this very reason, most mountain

bikers travel with a chain tool.

Your chain has three basic components - the metal

side plates, the rollers between the side plates,

and the rivets, or pins which go through the rollers

and help to hold the plates together. These pins

allow the rollers to freely turn as the chain

moves around the cogs.

If your chain happens to break, you'll need to remove

the broken link and replace it with a spare link.

To do this, simply reattach the two ends of the

broken chain and ride on a shorter chain until you

can get it replaced.

To remove a broken link of chain, place it in the

chain tool. Now, turn the tool counter clockwise

until the rivet pin of the chain tool touches

the chain rivet. Continue to turn the tool until

the pin pushes out of the roller. Be very careful,

as you want to stop turning when the pin is right

at the edge of the roller, before it moves through

the outer side plate.

Now, turn the tool in the other direction, and back

it out of the roller. Set the tool to the side,

then work the chain very gently from side to side

and extract the inner side plates and roller.

Now is the time to re-route the chain through the

bike. You may want to have a chain retaining tool

or some to help you hold the chain in the right

spot as you route and repair it.

Now that the broken link has been removed and

you've re-routed the chain, you're ready to insert

a new link or simply connect the links that were

beside the broken one. The process here is the

same - align the two ends so that the link with

the inner side plates will fit inside the link

with the pin and outer side plates. Now, use the

chain tool to push the pin inward until it's

positioned evenly between the side plates.

The easiest way to learn how to do this or feel

comfortable doing it is to have someone show you,

then actually practice with a chain and a chain

tool. You'll have no trouble at all making a

temporary repair in a mountain bike chain once

you've seen it done by a professional and practiced

it yourself a few times.

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Introduction To Mountain Biking

Mountain biking is a great way to explore the outdoors,

stay in shape, or just have fun. Racing down the side

of a mountain is a lot of fun indeed, although it can

also be quite dangerous. Even though it's dangerous,

if you ride with caution, it can be enjoyed by the

entire family.

Styles of mountain biking

Mountain biking can best be characterized into three

different styles - downhill, free riding, and cross

country. Even though the different styles are similar

in some ways, they still require different skills. The

style that you pick will determine the type of bike you

get.

Locations for mountain biking

The sport can best be thought of as biking on an unpaved

surface. Many areas throughout North America have

specific locations designed for mountain biking. Before

you decide to go down a trail, you should always check

with your local park to get the routes, regulations, and

any rules that they may have.

You can also find groups that have mountain bike rides

and competitions. You can look on the internet or even

in a local paper and see exactly what's available in your

area. You may be able to find groups for the more

advanced riders as well as beginners.

Becoming a great biker

Endurance and stamina are a must for a great mountain

biker. It will also take ambition and practice to succeed

as well as conquer the course. Like all other sports,

it takes time and practice. Those just beginning will

have to get past the bumps and bruises from falling

off the bike.

Selecting your mountain bike

The bike you select is more of a personal choice, and

a big determining factor on the type of riding you will

be doing. Bikes come in all styles, shapes, and prices,

which will make selecting one for yourself very difficult

indeed.

You should use the internet to help you shop for a bike,

even do some price comparisons online as well before you

make a purchase. Before you buy a bike, always ask to

try it out first. A great mountain biker will become

one with his or her own bike. When buying, make sure

you check for comfort, how it fits, even how it is geared.

Staying safe when riding

Mountain bike riding on unpaved roads can be very

dangerous, as mentioned earlier. Anytime you are riding,

you should wear a helmet, along with knee and elbow

pads. If you are following a group or riding in the

woods you should strongly consider a pair of goggles as

well. Safety should be your top priority and never

taken lightly anytime you are mountain biking.

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